The Connection Between Knowledge And Evidence Essay

Williamson highlights the close connection between knowledge and evidence by equating the extensions of the two concepts. (Harman 2003) It is important to mention that Williamson acknowledges only propositional evidence and knowledge in his theories, therefore his thesis should be understood according to that . Prior to the presentation of Williamson’s thesis it is important to clarify what does he understand by knowledge. Williamson suggests that knowledge is a fundamental, yet incomprehensible concept that should not be analyzed in the traditional (JTB) sense. His theory therefore is a â€Å"knowledge-first† kind (McGlynn, 2014). This particular realm of philosophy postulates the reconsideration of our established beliefs about knowledge as it fails to capture the nature of knowledge . He explains knowledge from a reversed order by claiming that knowledge is the foundational basis of several other epistemological concepts, such as justification or evidence. The E=K thesis emerged as a consequence of this reasoning. The argument that the totality of one’s propositional evidence equals the totality of proposition that one knows is a quite unorthodox one, therefore it begs explanation (Williamson 2000). Isn’t is contradictory to hold both the â€Å"knowledge first† idea and the E=K thesis? From the thesis is follows that no knowledge can be prior to evidence and no evidence can be prior to knowledge. It seems that we are facing with the well-known chicken or egg dilemma; what cameShow MoreRelatedEpistemology : What Conditions Are Necessary And Sufficient For Propositional Knowledge?1490 Words   |  6 Pageswhat conditions are necessary and sufficient for propositional knowledge? Propositional knowledge is the knowledge that such-and-such is the case different from knowing someone or knowing how to do something. A very old and extremely natural account is that belief, truth, and justification are individually and jointly necessary and jointly sufficient for knowledge; this account is known as justified-truth-belief (JTB) analysis of knowledge. This means that ‘S knows that p’ if and only if (a) ‘S beliefsRead MoreThe Causal Between Physical And Mental1629 Words   |  7 Pagescontiguous events generate an effect. It is when a cause gives rise to an effect, a relationship between the two events is presumed as all events must occur through causes. Searching for a cause provides an explanation and an understanding of why events occur (Salmon, 1984). We are continually seeking a cause for physical events, in order to make sense of them. Understanding the causal relations between events has its advantages; allowing us to plan actions to achieve goals. It prompts us to behaveRead MoreComparative Essay1073 Words   |  5 Pagessentence, your main points and the evidence you pla n to use âž ¢ In lieu of a conference, submit your outline for me to check âž ¢ Make the necessary changes if any and begin drafting the essay. âž ¢ Write, edit, and then publish your essay. Requirements ⠝‘ Use the 3rd person voice and formal, Standard English. ⠝‘ Present a clear and strongly worded thesis, and then defend (prove) that thesis by examining specific evidence from the poems. This evidence must take the form of specificRead MoreDavid Orr s Essay : Two Meanings Of Sustainability1125 Words   |  5 Pagessustainability fall beneath two distinct archetypes, as defined by Robert Vos in â€Å"Defining sustainability: A conceptual orientation†. Textual evidence outlining Orr’s views and beliefs in regard to each type of sustainability can be found in both the assigned reading and additional works written by him. This evidence allows for a direct connection to be made between his views and one of the archetypes of Vos’ Matrix. His views on technological sustainability fall beneath the thin version of the archetypeRead MoreThe Home School Link Between Home And School1436 Words   |  6 PagesTHE HOME SCHOOL CONNECTION In order to improve the education of disadvantaged children, the existing gaps between home and school need to be addressed. There is a great deal of research evidence showing that home/school connections are beneficial to educational goals. Sanders (2008) reports that home/school partnerships contribute to higher student achievement, improved student behavior and attendance, and more positive school climates. DePlanty, et al. (2007) describe the findings of variousRead MoreWhat Is Knowledge? : Nature Of Belief, Justification And Truth Essay1581 Words   |  7 Pages The topic, â€Å"What is knowledge?† can be taken many ways. Knowledge is a justified belief, one that is different opinion. Knowledge is the basis to which beliefs are known, whereas an opinion is a belief which is not known. Unit III A focuses on the etymology of the word knowledge which is defined as the study of epistemology. Philosophy finds its â€Å"true beginning† from the study of epistemology. To have knowledge means to find an equal ground between true beliefs and justified beliefs. For the basisRead MoreThe Media And Health And Safety Of The Worlds Population1738 Words   |  7 Pagesscientific evidence denies any connection. One of the reasons that this theory still exists is due to the portrayal of information from the media. Based on the opinion of the media outlet, the depiction of the vaccine-autism link changes throughout society. The media is typically the main source of information for citizens, whether they watch a news channel, read a newspaper, c heck online newspapers, or listen to the radio, these news outlet supply our population with the basis of knowledge on all topicsRead MoreAdware1371 Words   |  6 Pageswannabes Hacker | A computer expert who explores computing environments to gain knowledge. Hijacking | A type of attack in which the attacker takes control of a session between two machines and masquerades as one of them. Incident response team (IrT) | Teams of people organized to identify and respond to security inci- dents. An IRT is responsible for minimizing the impact of incidents and collecting any necessary evidence to analyze the incident. Incident response team (IrT) | Teams of people organizedRead MoreWhy Leaders Are Not Born? What Is Problematic For You Personally?853 Words   |  4 Pagesprofessionals. Personally, I had a challenge in figuring out what my capstone project would be. I have to find means and ways to invent questions on how to prepare future nurses in an effective and safe environment and at the same time practicing evidence base practices. To be an effective leader I must think of ways to reincorporate future problems that nurses needed to train on. Leaders motivate their followers to set high, attainable standards that result in successful product outcomes. In educationRead MoreInternalism Theory of Knowledge1183 Words   |  5 PagesInternalism is one of the epistemic theories of knowledge and is explained as the effects that cause beliefs to be justified or unjustified. They are called J- factors and they must in some way, be internal to the subject. The best way to internalize J-Factors is to limit them to beliefs. The constraint internalists place on J-Factors is more plausibly constructed in terms of intellectual convenience. What meets the requirements as a J-factor must be something that is cognitively easily reached to

The Significance And Meaning Of Dreams - 2000 Words

The Significance and Meaning of Dreams Dreams are an experience that we all share as human beings, yet are also completely unique to each and every one of us. For these reasons, dreams have puzzled man since the beginning of time. Around the early 1900’s, a man by the name of Sigmund Freud pioneered the psychology of dreams through many of his theories. His ideas are a milestone in dream psychology and are still used today. As dream psychology developed, more and more theories were proposed and we now have a better understanding about dreams. However, since dreams vary to person to person, we have not completely discovered all there is to discover. The most difficult and complex questions to answer are why we dream, and why we dream what we dream. Many psychologists have developed theories as to why we dream. Sigmund Freud, neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis, believed dreams were the manifestation of repressed desires. During the time, it was being widely accepted that dreams helped â€Å"illustrate the re lationship of the dynamic unconscious to consciousness† (Blum, n.p.). Other psychologists also believed in the relationship between the unconscious and conscious mind. For example, Carl Jung believed â€Å"dreams were a way to gain knowledge into the subconscious mind† (Smith, n.p.). Jung developed the theory of collective unconscious. This theory was based on the idea that the collective unconscious was shared between all humans, and therefore also the source of allShow MoreRelatedFreuds Interpretation of Dreams1176 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscontents, dreams, psychoanalysis and the unconscious. For this paper, I will be discussing Freud’s fundamentals of dreams, what dreams represents, how dreams are constructed and its significance while paying close attention to the following areas of dreams, manifest and latent content, condensation and displacement, and censorship and repression. First, let examined the definition of dream according to Sigmund Freud â€Å"dream is the disguised fulfilment of a repressed wish. Dreams are constructedRead MoreWhat are Dreams?937 Words   |  4 PagesDreams are sequences of images, emotions, ideas, and sensations that occur involuntarily to the mind during different stages of sleep. They can be filled with joy, hate, anger or disturbing images, they can be clear and understandable or be very confusing and hazy. Dreams have intrigued many people for quite some time, this alternate reality in which we escape in the unconscious state. Much different than the reality we see from day to day. Have captured interest in many people as to interpret whyRead MoreInterpretation Of Dreams In Kalpa Sutra833 Words   |  4 PagesInterpretation of Dreams in Kalpa Sutra: Comparative Analysis with Freud’s Psychology of Dreams ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract The study attempts to analyze the psychology of dreams as given in ancient Jain text – Kalpa Sutra. Further this psychology and interpretation of dreams has been discussed in view of a renowned psychologist – Sigmund Freud how he understands of the psychology of dreams. The comparativeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Point Of View 1030 Words   |  5 PagesThe point of view helps the reader or audience understand each characters thoughts and also helps the reader understand every characters dreams throughout the play. 3. Plot Structure a. Exposition- This play starts out with the Youngers nervously waiting for Mama’s $10,000 check to arrive. She inherited this because of the death of her husband, Big Walter. Everybody wants this money for different reasons, but Walter has his mind set on using it to open up a liquor store with Willy Harris. b. IncitingRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1588 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican Dream to be corrupted by greed as well as materialism. The decline of the American Dream was a main theme highlighted throughout The Great Gatsby where Fitzgerald managed to successfully show the brittleness and superficiality the society aspired to live in. However, the passage alone is not enough to be considered as the key to the entire novel, only along with other passages are we able to see what Fitzgerald is trying to convey to his audience in regards to the American Dream. 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For Jung the final stage in psychological development is complete self individuation. This requires the unconscious mind to make sense of conflicting emotions and beliefs on a higher level of understanding. He believes that the collectiveRead MoreAnalysis Of Mowing By Robert Frost And Carl Sandburg Express1526 Words   |  7 Pagespersonification, mood shift, rhythm and imagery. In his work, Mowing, Robert Frost utilizes metaphors and personification to examine perception. The poem portrays a speaker who contemplates the sound of a mowing scythe and its significance; the speaker declares that the scythe’s significance is not that of surreality or importance and states that the scythe’s hard work is what is actually important. The leading metaphor of this poem, a â€Å"scythe†, used for hacking down hay, represents cutting down the unimportantRead MoreCarl Jung and Sigmund Freud1412 Words   |  6 Pagesthat houses a person’s primitive drives and supports the enactment of decisions that are purely based on pleasure. The id’s objective is to avoid pain at all costs and only seek pleasurable sensations. The ego, on the other hand, identifies the significance of reality and makes decisions based on concepts such as judgment, perception recognition, and memory. The last level, the superego, is dedicated to seeking perfection (R eber, 2006). This level houses the individual’s accepted social morals andRead MoreSleep, Sleep Disorders, and Biological Rhythms by Charles J Amlaner1247 Words   |  5 Pagesmuscles become paralyzed. This is probably why sleepwalking will occur during the non-REM sleep period as opposed to during REM sleep. After an episode of REM sleep the sleep cycle begins again with the four stages of non-REM deep sleep. REM sleep and dreams is an area that needs to be elaborated upon, but first it is important to give some discussion to the short periods of sleep, called naps, that some people take during the day. Throughout history there have been many famous and important people who

Entrepreneurship and Small Business management †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Entrepreneurship and Small Business management. Answer: The essay is based on one case study in which a lady, whose name is Kelly Lester is an entrepreneur and she has three daughters. Previously in 1996, she was doing business of decorative switch plates and she also built website for the business and at that time there was not hard competition in ecommerce and the website was appearing on the first page of search engines. She was earning good revenue that time from the business. Later she sold that business and started a new business of lunch boxes. She tried to contact plastic manufactures in US but they did not show interest in the business so later she contacted plastic manufactures in China. She also faced some difficulties in dealing with foreign suppliers. The management was facing supply chain related issues. Later the management of the company focused on quality improvement and used some methods to solve quality related issues. The management was keeping large inventory for the business in the warehouses located in US. To solve many problems Kelly Lester built a website for promoting the business but as the trends have changed that time so her website was not appearing in the top pages of search engines. In the essay three problems are discussed and the solutions of the problems are also given In this paragraph answer is given for the first question related to the case study. Yes, I believe that Kellys business is a candidate for reshoring back to United States. Previously Kelly tried to contact US manufactures but that time conditions were not supportive so she did not get any response and then she imported input materials from China. The main reason previously companies were operating from China because companies were getting cost advantage but now many companies have shifted their attention toward United States as in US conditions are becoming supportive for industries. So many manufacturing companies started the operations in US as in United States companies can get advantages of lower labor cost, supportive policies and lower transportation costs. So Kelly Lester can now operate business from United States. According to the reports of U.S Bureau of economic analysis, the economy of United States is increasing rapidly. Now in United States companies can make more profi t as the companies can easily get required resources for the operations (Gray et al., 2013). So the market of United States can give more benefits to Kellys business. It has been analyzed that foreign direct investment and reshoring in United States helped to produce many manufacturing jobs. Now in United States Kelly can easily get suppliers for production activities. In this paragraph the answer of second question is available. Thesocial media marketing plan is given here for EasyLunchBoxes. This plan includes several important steps that are listed in below mentioned points. Social media marketing plan The plan includes several steps which are described below. Social media marketing goals and objectives: The social marketing objective should be the company should target to add 50 new customers per month. The company should post photos and videos daily on social networking sites and the company should get more than 5000 likes and maximum shares on each post. Social media audit: The Company EasyLunchBoxes should do monthly social media audit. The audit of social media sites can be done through Facebook statistics, twitter statistics, pinterest statistics, Instagram statistics and other major networks statistics (Neti, 2011). Analytics tool like Google adword can be used to know the democratic characteristics of customers. Audit tools provide important details like post reach, best post, audiences reaction, etc (Berthon et al., 2012). Create and improve social media accounts: To increase the online presence Easy Lunch Boxes should create more social media accounts. It has been analyzed that numbers of social media users are increasing rapidly (Hanna, Rohm Crittenden, 2011). The company should update regularly existing social media accounts and should create new accounts on different social networking sites. The company should regularly do fresh posts on social media accounts to maintain connectivity with audiences. Some popular social networking sites are Facebook, linkedin, Google +, Twitter, Pinterest and Instagram and the company should create account on these sites. Competitor analysis: EasyLunchBoxes Company should analyze the activities of competitors regularly because it is essential to know competitors information. Company should give focus to understand content marketing, Facebook, Instagram, social media advertising strategies of others. Content marketing plan: Content marketing is very essential for any business. It is an important part of social marketing plan. The marketing persons of Easy Lunch Boxes should give focus on content marketing. The content should be accurate, creative and attractive so that readers will like to read the content (Saravanakumar SuganthaLakshmi, 2012). The content should be posted regularly on blog sites, article submission sites, PR submission sites and other sites so that maximum numbers of readers can read the content. Evaluate and adjust social media marketing plan: Easy Lunch Boxes Company should evaluate the plan and make all the necessary adjustments to meet the requirements. New social media methods and techniques are coming rapidly in the market so the company should adjust the social media marketing plan accordingly. Company should give more efforts on content marking as now days the companies which are giving focus on content marking are getting more competitive advantage. The content marketing is not very simple because only an effective content can give advantages to the company. Other companies can easily copy other methods like video marking and photo sharing but content marking method cannot be copied easily. Through content marketing the company can deliver more information to customers (Mangold Faulds, 2009). The company should post regularly attractive content on social networking sites. EasyLunchBoxes can use some other social media sites such as Facebook and Instagram for promotion. On Facebook the company should post creative images on daily basis. For promotional activities separate Facebook page should be created. The company should post articles, photos and videos regularly. Hash tag can be used in Facebook to get the attention of visitors. Same activities can be done on Instagram too such as photos and videos can be shared and Hash tag can also be used. In this paragraph the answer of third question is available. To transform EasyLunchBoxes Company into a recognizable brand name the company needs to give focus on some points like the company should create a slogan that should include catchy phrases so that people can easily remember the brand name. The companys logo should be creative and attractive. Logos are the powerful symbols of the company. The companys logo should be different that can help to make unique brands identity (Abimbola Vallaster, 2007). To make unique logo, effective colors and fonts should be used. Some jingles should be used to make the brand name memorable. The company should make efforts on advertisements as through advertisements, company can easily influence customers. Customers like to purchase from the companies, whose advertisements they see regularly. Through the advertisements company can develop positive brand image in the customers mind (Keller, 2009). The advertisements theme should be unique so tha t customers can easily get attracted to it. The advertising message should be designed after considering needs and expectations of customers. In the advertisements the company should give focus on benefits. Companys website should be designed uniquely because a good website helps to create good brand image in the market. Company should regularly update information related to its activities on different social media networking sites. By using these methods she can transform EasyLunchBoxes into a recognizable brand name. References Abimbola, T. Vallaster, C., 2007. Brand, organisational identity and reputation in SMEs: an overview, Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 10(4), pp.341-348. Berthon, P.R., Pitt, L.F., Plangger, K. Shapiro, D., 2012. Marketing meets Web 2.0, social media, and creative consumers: Implications for international marketing strategy, Business Horizons, 55(3), pp.261-271. Gray, J.V., Skowronski, K., Esenduran, G. Johnny Rungtusanatham, M., 2013. The reshoring phenomenon: what supply chain academics ought to know and should do., Journal of Supply Chain Management, 49(2), pp.27-33. Hanna, R., Rohm, A. and Crittenden, V.L., 2011. Were all connected: The power of the social media ecosystem, Business Horizons, 54(3), pp.265-273. Keller, K.L., 2009. Building strong brands in a modern marketing communications environment, Journal Of Marketing Communications, 15(2-3), pp.139-155. Mangold, W.G. Faulds, D.J., 2009. Social media: The new hybrid element of the promotion mix, Business Horizons, 52(4), pp.357-365. Neti, S., 2011. Social media and its role in marketing, International Journal of Enterprise Computing and Business Systems, 1(2), pp.1-15. Saravanakumar, M. SuganthaLakshmi, T., 2012. Social media marketing, Life Science Journal, 9(4), pp.4444-4451.